Suffolk Reporter

A recent study has revealed new insights into the genetic diversity and social structures of European communities after the fall of the Roman Empire. Led by Krishna R. Veeramah, PhD, from Stony Brook University, an international team conducted a DNA analysis that suggests early medieval elites comprised multiple families with distinct ancestries. Over time, these families intermarried and integrated newcomers from diverse backgrounds.

The research combined paleogenomic, archaeological, and isotopic data to examine a cemetery in Collegno, Italy, used between the 6th and 8th centuries CE. The genomes of 28 individuals were sequenced and analyzed alongside data from 24 previously published genomes. Researchers also examined patterns of social mobility, burial customs, and diet.

“When the Roman Empire collapsed, we did not really know much about how new communities formed," said Veeramah. "Our study reveals that these elites were genetically surprisingly diverse." He noted that families with diverse ancestries came together to form ruling groups in medieval Europe.

Patrick Geary, PhD, from the Institute for Advanced Study added: “In 2018, our team published a paper that demonstrated genomic and cultural similarities between Collegno and Szólád.” He explained that their new study shows how new groups merged with existing inhabitants over a century.

Initially organized around elite families likely from northern Europe, the Collegno community evolved into an extended lineage spanning at least five generations. These individuals had higher societal ranks based on richer diets and more elaborate burial items.

While initially established by elite northern European families, the community later incorporated individuals from other origins including locals.